Black Swampsnake
- Scientific Name
- Liodytes pygaea
- Also Known As
- Black Swamp Snake
- Range
- All of Florida, Except Near Pensacola
- Diet
- Small Frogs, Salamanders, and Soft-bodied Invertebrates
- Life Expectancy
- 7 - 10 Years
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Black Swampsnakes in Central Florida
The black swampsnake (Liodytes pygaea) is a small, nonvenomous colubrid snake species found throughout the southeastern United States, including central Florida. Often confused with the reddish-brown Florida brown snake, the black swampsnake can be identified by its darker coloration, keeled scales, and other distinctive features.
This article provides an overview of black swampsnake biology, behavior, habitat preferences, potential risks, and prevention tips for central Florida residents who may encounter this native serpent.
Subspecies of Black Swampsnakes in the Area

Photo 35882091 © Rebecca W, CC BY-NC
Northern Florida Swampsnake
The Northern Florida swampsnake (Pygaea pygaea) is a subspecies found only in northern Florida and southern Georgia. Genetic isolation has led to unique traits, like their reddish belly color versus yellow in other swampsnakes. They also stay smaller, around 2 feet long, and have divided anal plate scales. Living in cypress swamps and marshes, their adaptations suit the habitat.
Calling them a distinct subspecies emphasizes protecting their habitat from further drainage. Preserving remaining cypress swamps and marshes in northern Florida allows this unique subspecies to survive. Recognizing their status brings attention to protecting the small isolated populations.